Diseases and Disorders
Learn more about Female Reproductive System
Sexually Transmitted Disease
Definition:
Are venereal diseases. This disease is transmitted through sexual intercourse or any other intimate sexual contact. For example of the disease are gonorrhea, genital herpes, HIV and AIDS.
Sign and Symptoms:
Causes:
Having a unprotected intercourse. Besides, people have many sex partners or sexual partners that has STI
Diagnosis:
Treatment:
Are venereal diseases. This disease is transmitted through sexual intercourse or any other intimate sexual contact. For example of the disease are gonorrhea, genital herpes, HIV and AIDS.
Sign and Symptoms:
- Fever and flu-like symptoms.
- Genital itching, burning, or discomfort.
- Vaginal discharge in women.
- Swollen lymph nodes.
- A feeling of pressure in the abdomen.
Causes:
Having a unprotected intercourse. Besides, people have many sex partners or sexual partners that has STI
Diagnosis:
- Blood tests, it can confirm the diagnosis of HIV or later stages of syphilis
- Urine samples, Some STIs can be confirmed with a urine sample.
- Fluid samples, If you have active genital sores, testing fluid and samples from the sores may be done to diagnose the type of infection. Laboratory tests of material from a genital sore or discharge are used to diagnose some STIs.
Treatment:
- Antibiotics, often in a single dose, can cure many sexually transmitted bacterial and parasitic infections, including gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia and trichomoniasis.Once you start antibiotic treatment, it's crucial to follow through. If you don't think you'll be able to take medication as prescribed, tell your doctor. A shorter, simpler treatment regimen may be available.
In addition, it's important to abstain from sex until you've completed treatment and any sores have healed. - Antiviral drugs. You'll have fewer herpes recurrences if you take daily suppressive therapy with a prescription antiviral drug. Antiviral drugs lessen the risk of infection, but it's still possible to give your partner herpes.
Antiviral drugs can keep HIV infection in check for many years. But the virus persists and can still be transmitted, though the risk is lower.
Endometriosis
Definition:
Is an often painful disorder in which tissue that normally lines the inside of your uterus — the endometrium — grows outside your uterus (endometrial implant).
Sign and Symptoms:
Risk Factors:
Diagnosis:
A laparoscopy is the best way to diagnose endometriosis. Some of the tissue is removed so it can be examined under a microscope to confirm a diagnosis of endometriosis.
Treatment:
Is an often painful disorder in which tissue that normally lines the inside of your uterus — the endometrium — grows outside your uterus (endometrial implant).
Sign and Symptoms:
- Abdominal cramps or back pain during menstruation.
- Very painful menstrual cramps.
- Painful bowel movements.
- Painful urination, especially during menstruation.
- Abnormal or heavy bleeding during periods.
- Painful sex.
- Difficulty becoming pregnant.
- Retrograde menstruation. This is the most likely explanation for endometriosis. In retrograde menstruation, menstrual blood containing endometrial cells flows back through the fallopian tubes and into the pelvic cavity instead of out of the body. These displaced endometrial cells stick to the pelvic walls and surfaces of pelvic organs, where they grow and continue to thicken and bleed over the course of each menstrual cycle.
- Embryonic cell growth. The cells lining the abdominal and pelvic cavities come from embryonic cells. When one or more small areas of the abdominal lining turn into endometrial tissue, endometriosis can develop.
- Surgical scar implantation. After a surgery, such as a hysterectomy or C-section, endometrial cells may attach to a surgical incision.
- Endometrial cells transport. The blood vessels or tissue fluid (lymphatic) system may transport endometrial cells to other parts of the body.
- Immune system disorder. It's possible that a problem with the immune system may make the body unable to recognize and destroy endometrial tissue that's growing outside the uterus.
Risk Factors:
- Never giving birth
- One or more relatives (mother, aunt or sister) with endometriosis
- Any medical condition that prevents the normal passage of menstrual flow out of the body
- History of pelvic infection
- Uterine abnormalities
Diagnosis:
A laparoscopy is the best way to diagnose endometriosis. Some of the tissue is removed so it can be examined under a microscope to confirm a diagnosis of endometriosis.
Treatment:
- Laparoscopic surgery (keyhole surgery) is an operation to reduce symptoms and improve fertility by removing endometriotic patches, implants, cysts, nodules and adhesions by cutting them out (excision) or burning them (diathermy).
- A laparotomy (an open operation requiring a larger cut in the skin) is a major operation which may be necessary if endometriosis is severe and extensive or because of previous abdominal surgery, where laparoscopic surgery is not an option.
- Hysterectomy, In long-term recurrent severe endometriosis associated with chronic pain, that has not responded to treatments or multiple surgeries, a hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy may be performed (removing the uterus and both ovaries and tubes). This causes a surgical menopause. Sometimes the surgery required may include removal of parts of the bowel or bladder containing endometriosis. This complex surgery is usually performed by a specialist laparoscopic gynaecologist who may be joined by a specialist bowel surgeon or urologist for the bladder surgery.